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PFAS

PFAS is the abbreviation for per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances. These are industrial chemicals and can be found in many industrial products such as paper, textiles and cosmetics. PFAS are difficult to break down and can be detected in the environment, the food chain and in human blood. PFAS are suspected of causing cancer.

 

In September 2023, the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA) published several limit values for PFAS and products containing PFAS. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) also introduced a new method (EPA Method 1633) for determining PFAS in various matrices in January 2024. In addition, six PFAS were regulated by the EPA in drinking water in April 2024, which even introduced a limit of zero for PFOA and PFOS. Based on these developments, it is becoming increasingly important to detect PFAS in different matrices and to lower the detection limits.

 

On this page you will find a general workflow for PFAS analysis, all related products for chromatography, many brochures and some applications.

Figure 1: General structure of PFAS.

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CHROMABOND centrifuge tubes with screw cap volume: 50 mL, material: PP pack of 50
MN-730223
€27.60
CHROMAFIL Xtra disposable syringe filters PA-20/25 membrane material: polyamide (Nylon) pore dia.: 0.2 µm, membrane dia.: 25 mm colorless PP case, labeled pack of 100
MN-729212
€129.00
N 9 PP screw cap, blue, center hole Silicone white/Polyimide orange Hardness: 45° shore A Thickness: 1.0 mm pack of 100
MN-702402
€30.10
0.3 mL Polypropylene Screw Neck Vial N 9 outer diameter: 11.6 mm, outer height: 32 mm transparent, with inner cone pack of 100
MN-702009
€20.00
InertSep GCB/WAX FF 50mg/200mg/6mL 300/pk SPE Cartridges
5010-68066
€2,600.00
InertSep GCB/WAX FF 50mg/200mg/6mL 30/pk SPE Cartridges
5010-68065
€300.00
InertSep WAX FF/GCB 200mg/50mg/6mL 300/pk SPE Cartridges
5010-68064
€2,600.00
InertSep WAX FF/GCB 200mg/50mg/6mL 30/pk SPE Cartridges
5010-68063
€300.00
LUER FLOW CONTROL VALVE (PP) Injection Valves
6045-11000
€79.00
INERTSEP GC 100G SPE Bulk Sorbent
5010-69051
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Technical Data

PFAS Workflow

PFAS are mainly analysed in samples with a complex matrix such as various water samples (waste water, drinking water), soil samples or air samples. Due to these complex matrices in water and soil samples, it is essential to prepare the sample using SPE. Depending on the target group of the PFAS, different methods can be used. The procedure for sample preparation and usually also the analysis is described using prescribed methods such as EPA Method 1633, 533, 537.1 or ISO 21675:2019. The various methods are aimed at different PFAS. The most comprehensive method is currently EPA Method 1633, which can be used to analyse most PFAS.

Air sampler

For samples from the air, the PFAS must first be collected from the air. An air sampler such as the PFAS FM4 from GL Sciences can be used for this purpose. With the help of a pump, air is sucked through various filter media, which specifically collect ionic and neutral/volatile PFAS. The PFAS can then be eluted using organic solvents and analysed using chromatography.

Chromatography

Sample preparation is followed by analysis, which can be carried out using LC or GC. The PFAS to be analysed again play a decisive role in the selection of the appropriate method. Neutral and volatile PFAS can be analysed by GC. However, charged PFAS in particular are not detected, which is why LC is the preferred method for analysing both neutral and charged PFAS.

PFAS delay column

As PFAS are polyfluorinated compounds, it is important to ensure that no additional polyfluorinated impurities are introduced into the system. This can be the case, for example, when using PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene, Teflon) or other polymers. As this cannot be completely avoided, especially within the HPLC system, so-called delay columns are used to keep the polyfluorinated compounds out of the system so that the sample can be analysed cleanly.

Reversed phase chromatography

Due to its good water solubility and yet hydrophobic properties, reverse phase chromatography is ideal for analysing PFAS. By using special columns, which can also be used in 100% aqueous solutions, up to 40 PFAS can be separated in one run.

Applications

EPA Method 1633

EPA method 1633 covers 40 different PFAS. Aqueous, soil and tissue samples can be analysed using the same LC method. Only the sample preparation differs.

 

Peak Identities

1. PFBA  2. PFMPA  3. 3-3 FTCA  4. PFPeA  5. PFBS  6. PFMBA  7. PFEESA  8. NFDHA  9. 4-2FTS  10. PFHxA  11. PFPeS  12. HFPO-DA  13. PFHpA  14. PFHxS  15. 5-3 FTCA  16. ADONA  17. 6-2FTS  18. PFOA  19. PFHpS  20. PFNA  21. PFOS  22. 7-3 FTCA  23. 9Cl-PF3ONS  24. 8-2FTS  25. PFDA  26. PFNS  27. NMeFOSAA  28. PFOSA  29. PFDS  30. PFUnA  31. NEtFOSAA  32. 11Cl-PF3OUdS  33. PFDoA  34. NMeFOSA  35. NMEFOSE  36. PFDoS  37. PFTrA  38. NEtFOSE  39. NEtFOSA  40. PFTeDA

Chromatography Columns

Column: HALO PFAS, 100x2.1mm, 2.7µm (92812-613)

Delay Column: HALO PFAS Delay, 50x3.0mm, 2.7µm (92113-415)

Downloads

The manufacturers GL Sciences, UCT, Restek, ThermoScientific, Waters and PerkinElmer have published comprehensive guides for the determination of PFAS, from sample preparation to analysis. In addition to columns for analysis, SPE cartridges, QuEChERS and other accessories for the PFAS workflow can also be found here.

Manufacturer overview

AMT-HALO®

HPLC - Reserved Phase:

 

  • HALO PFAS (EPA 533, 537.1, 1633, 8327)

 

Properties:

  • Safe to use due to method-qualified batch analysis
  • End-capped alkyl phases for highly sensitive LCMS analyses
  • Optimised 2.7 µm Fused-Core® particles for robust, reliable performance and highly efficient separations with low backpressure

GL Sciences

Sample preparation:

  • Air Sampler
  • InertSep PLS-2 (EPA 537.1)
  • InertSep WAX, MA-2 (EPA 533)

 

HPLC:

GC:

  • InertCap Pure-WAX (Air Sampling)

Macherey-Nagel

Sample preparation:

 

  • Chromabond PFAS (DIN 38407-42, EPA 537.1, 533)
  • Chromabond HR-XAW (EPA 533)

  • Chromabond HR-X (EPA 537.1)

     

HPLC - Reversed Phase:

 

  • Nucleodur PFAS 3µm
  • Nucleodur PFAS Delay

Merck Supelco (Sigma-Aldrich)

Sample preparation:

  • Supelclean ENVI-WAX (EPA 533)

 

HPLC - Reversed Phase:

  • Ascentis Express PFAS 2.7µm
  • Ascentis Express PFAS Delay 2.7µm

Restek

Sample preparation:

  • Resprep S-DVB (EPA 537.1)

 

HPLC - Reversed Phase:

  • Raptor C18 2.7µm (EPA 537.1)
  • Raptor C18 5µm
  • PFAS Delay 5µm
  • Force C18 3µm
  • Raptor Polar X 2.7µm

 

HPLC - HILIC:

  • Raptor X 2.7µm

 

UHPLC - Reversed Phase:

  • Raptor C18 1.8µm
  • Force C18 1.8µm (EPA 8327)

Shimadzu

HPLC - Reversed Phase:

  • Shim-pack Velox SP-C18 2.7µm
  • Shim-pack XR-ODS II 2.2µm

 

UHPLC - Reversed Phase:

  • Shim-pack GIST C18 2µm

SIELC

HPLC - Ion Exchange:

  • Newcrom A 5µm

Shodex

HPLC - HILIC:

  • HILICpak VT-50 2D 5µm

S*Pure

Sample preparation:

  • SEClute PFAS

Thermo Fisher

HPLC - Reversed Phase:

  • Hypersil GOLD aQ 3µm (EPA 537)
  • Accucore RP-MS 2.6µm (EPA 1633, 533, 537, 8327)
  • Hypersil BDS C18 5µm

 

UHPLC - Reversed Phase:

  • Acclaim 120 C18 2.2µm (1633, 533, 537)
  • Acclaim Polar Advantage 2.2µm (1633, 533, 537)

 

GC:

  • TraceGOLD TG-200MS
  • TraceGOLD TG-5SilMS

Waters

Sample preparation:

  • Oasis WAX 96-well µElution Plates

 

UHPLC - Reversed Phase:

  • ACQUITY UPLC CSH Phenyl Hexyl 1.7µm (ASTM 7968)
  • ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 1.7µm
  • ACQUITY UPLC C18 1.7µm
  • ACQUITY Premier BEH Shield RP18 1.7µm
  • ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3 1.8µm

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