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Organic Acids
The analysis of organic acids is of great importance in many areas of research and industry. For example, in the analysis of wine, beer or fruit juices or in connection with the analysis of carbohydrates.
An important chromatographic separation method for analysing organic acids is ion exclusion chromatography (IEC). Polymer resins with sulphonic acid groups (-SO3H) on the surface are usually used as the stationary phase. Due to a weakly acidic mobile phase, the sulphonic acid groups are partially deprotonated, whereby the surface is negatively charged towards the outside. Depending on the mobile phase and its pKa value, the analytes are more or less in the following equilibrium: R-COO-+ H+ ↔ R-COOH.
Dissociated analytes can therefore not penetrate the pore system of the stationary phase and are excluded, whereas analytes in the undissociated state are retarded. Separation is therefore largely based on the pKa value of the analytes. Ion-exclusion chromatography can also be used for the simultaneous separation of sugars and organic acids.
Technical Data
You will find further information with some application examples in the following brochures:
Thermo-Dionex Acclaim Organic Acid Product Manual
Concise-Separations Organic Acids Analysis HPLC-Columns
Shodex Ion Exclusion Chromatography Columns
Sepax Carbomix Catalog
Sepax Retention-Time Table for Carbomix Phases
Other common chromatographic separation methods for organic acids are reversed phase chromatography (RP-HPLC) and hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC).
Below you will find some application examples for the separation of organic acids:
- ACT ACE® Excel 1.7 C18 Amide (1.7 µm, 3.0 x 50 mm, P/N: EXL-1712-0503U)
- ACT ACE® Excel 3 C 18 Amide (3 µm, 2.1 x 250 mm, P/N: EXL-1112-2502U)
Analytes: Cinnamic acid, 3,4-Dimethoxycinnamic acid, Ferulic acid, 4-Methoxycinnamic acid, Sinapic acid
- ACT ACE® 5 C18 (5 µm, 4.6 x 250 mm, P/N: ACE-121-2546)
Analytes: Acetylsalicylic acid, L-Ascorbic acid, Benzoic acid, Maleic acid, Salicylic acid
- Chromanik™SunShell RP -Aqua (2.6 µm, 4.6 x 150 mm, P/N: CR6471)
- Chromanik™ Sunniest RP -Aqua (3 µm or 5 µm, 4.6 x 150 mm, P/N: ER2471 or ER3471)
Analytes: Acetic acid, Citric acid, Diglycolic acid, Formic acid, Fumaric acid, Lactic acid, Maleic acid, Malic acid, Oxalic acid, Succinic acid, Tartaric acid
- Concise Separations™ CoreGel 87H3 (9 µm, 7.8 x 300 mm, P/N: ICE-99-9861)
Analytes: Acetic acid, Butyric acid, Caproic acid, Formic acid, Heptanoic acid, Isobutyric acid, Isocaproic acid, Isovaleric acid, Lactic acid, Propionic acid, Valeric acid
- GL-Sciences™ Inertsil ODS-4 (5 µm, 4.6 x 150 mm, P/N: 5020-03945)
Analytes: Acetic acid (C2), Propionic acid (C3), Butylic acid (C4), Valeric acid (C5), Caproic acid (C6), Enanthic acid (C7), Caprylic acid (C8), Pelargonic acid (C9), Capric acid (C10), Undecanoic acid (C11), Lauric acid (C12), Tridecanoic acid (C13), Myristic acid (C14), Pentadecanoic acid (C15)
- GL-Sciences™ Inertsil ODS-4 (5 µm, 4.6 x 250 mm, P/N: 5020-03946)
Analytes: Acetic acid, Citric acid, Fumaric acid, Lactic acid, Maleic acid, Malic acid, Succinic acid
- GL-Sciences™ InertSustain AQ-C18 (5 µm, 4.6 x 150 mm, P/N: 5020-89730)
Analytes: Acetic acid, Citric acid, Formic acid, Fumaric acid, Lactic acid, Maleic acid, Malic acid, Oxalic acid, Pyroglutamic acid, Succinic acid, Tartaric acid
- GL-Sciences™ InertSustain C18 (5 µm, 4.6 x 250 mm, P/N: 5020-07346)
Analytes: Acetic acid, Acrylic acid, Fumaric acid, Glycolic acid, Lactic acid, Malonic acid, Oxalic acid, Succinic acid, Tartaric acid
- GL-Sciences™ Inertsil C8 (5 µm, 4.6 x 250 mm, P/N: 5020-01901)
Analytes: Acetic acid, Formic acid, Lactic acid, Propionic acid
- Imtakt™ Unison UK-Amino (3 µm, 3.0 x 250 mm, P/N: UKA36)
Analytes: Citric acid, Fumaric acid, Glyoxylic acid, Lactic acid, Maleic acid, Malic acid, Malonic acid, Na-Glyconate, Succinic acid, Tartaric acid
- Machery-Nagel™ Nucleodur® C18 Gravity-SB (5 µm, 4.6 x 250 mm, P/N: 760619.46)
Analytes: Acetic acid, Citric acid, Fumaric acid, Lactic acid, Malic acid, Shikimic acid, Tartaric acid
[English:]
- Machery-Nagel™ Nucleodur® PolarTec (5 µm, 3.0 x 150 mm, P/N: 760488.30)
Analytes: 2,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid, 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid, 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid, dihydroxymandelic acid, dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, gallic acid, 3-hydroxybenzoic acid, syringic acid, vanillic acid
- Sepax™ Carbomix® H-NP10:8% (10 µm, 7.8 x 300 mm, P/N: 261008-7830)
Analytes: Acetic acid, Ethanol, Formic acid, Glucose, Lactic acid, Methanol, Pyruvate, Succinic acid
- Shiseido™ Capcell Pak C18 MG S5 (5 µm, 4.6 x 150 mm, P/N: 90103)
Analytes: Acetic acid, Citric acid, Lactic acid, L-Malic acid, Malonic acid, Propionic acid, Succinic acid
- Shiseido™ Capcell Pak C18 MG S5 (5 µm, 2.0 x 250 mm, P/N: 90304)
Analytes: Acetic acid, Formic acid, Glycolic acid
- Shodex™ RSpak KC-811 (6 µm, 8.0 x 300 mm, P/N: F6378030)
Analytes: Acetic acid, Citric acid, Fumaric acid, Malic acid, Lactic acid, Pyroglutamic acid, Succinic acid, Tartaric acid
- Shodex™ RSpak DE-413 (4 µm, 4.6 x 150 mm, P/N: F7001005)
Analytes: Acetic acid, Glyoxylic acid, Lactic acid, Levulinic acid, Malic acid, Malonic acid, Propionic acid, Succinic acid, Tartaric acid
- Thermo Scientific™ Acclaim Organic acid (3 µm and 5 µm, Different Dimensions)
Analytes: Acetic acid, Glyoxylic acid, Lactic acid, Levulinic acid, Malic acid, Malonic acid, Propionic acid, Succinic acid, Tartaric acid
- Tosoh Bioscience™ TSKgel ODS-100V (5 µm, 4.6 x 250 mm, P/N: 0021456)
Analytes: Acetic acid, Acrylic acid, L-Ascorbic acid, Citric acid, Formic acid, Fumaric acid, Glutaric acid, Itaconic acid, Lactic acid, Maleic acid, L-Malic acid, Oxalic acid, Propionic acid, Succinic acid, L-Tartaric acid
- Tosoh Bioscience™ TSKgel ODS-100V (5 µm, 4.6 x 150 mm, P/N: 0021455)
Analytes: benzoylformic acid, hippuric acid, (S)-(+)-mandelic acid, m-methylhippuric acid, o-methylhippuric acid, p-methylhippuric acid
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