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Monoclonal antibodies (mAb's) are immunologically active proteins that have increasingly become the focus of medical research in recent years. Today, a large number of modern pharmaceuticals and therapeutic approaches based on monoclonal antibodies already exist
The analysis of monoclonal antibodies is usually aimed at separating monomers from dimers, trimers and other aggregates, as these can have a negative impact on the effectiveness of biopharmaceuticals. Furthermore, various fragments of mAb's can also be analysed, e.g. Fc or Fab fragments. The analysis of monoclonal antibodies can be carried out using different chromatographic separation techniques.
SEC is a very suitable and widely used method for the determination of aggregate, monomer and fragment contents of mAb's in analyte solutions.
Dimer, monomer and fragments of IgG
Column: TSKgel SuperSW mAb HR 300x7.8mm
Mobile phase: 200 mmol/L phosphate buffer + 0.05% NaN3, pH 6.7
Flow rate: 1 mL/min
Sample: 10 g/L IgG digested with papain for 0-24 h
Injection volume: 10 µL
Temperature: 25 °C
Detection: UV, 280 nm
The separation in hydrophilic interaction chromatography is based on the different surface hydrophobicity of various proteins. If this is the case for the respective analytes, HIC can be used to separate different antibodies from each other, to separate antibodies from other proteins and also to separate antibody aggregates from monomers. The separation of antibody fragments is also possible.
Fragments and aggregates of MAb
Column: TSKgel Butyl-NPR 35x4.6mm
Mobile phase A: Buffer with 3 M NaCl and 10 mM sodium phosphate, pH 7
Mobile phase B: 10 mM sodium phosphate, pH 7
Gradient: 0% - 100% B in 25min
Flow rate: 1 mL/min
Detection: Fluorescence
Sample: 2 µg protein
Ion exchange chromatography can be used to separate different charge variants of antibodies, fragments, aggregates and other proteins. The different charge variants result from the deamidation of asparagine or glutamine residues or from incomplete removal of the C-terminus of lysine residues.
Separation of charge variants of an MAb
Columns: TSKgel SP-STAT 100x4.6mm, 7µm
TSKgel CM-STAT 100x4.6mm, 7µm
Mobile phase A: 10 mM/L sodium phosphate buffer, pH 7
Mobile phase B: 100mM/L sodium acetate buffer, pH 7
Gradient: 0% - 100% B in 30 min
Flow rate: 1 mL/min
Injection volume: 10 µL
Detection: UV, 280 nm
Sample: MAb 2 g/L
Reversed-phase chromatography can also be used to analyse different monoclonal antibodies.
Column: HALO 1000Å C4 100x2.1mm, 2.7µm
Mobile phase A: water, 0.1% TFA
Mobile phase B: 80/20 acetonitrile/water, 0.085% TFA
Gradient: 40% - 47.5% B in 12 min
Flow rate: 0.4 mL/min
Pressure: 210 bar
Temperature: 80 °C
Injection volume: 2 µL
Sample solvent: 70/30 water/acetonitrile
Detection: UV, 280 nm
HPLC - SEC:
HPLC - HIC:
HPLC - IEX:
HPLC - Reversed Phase:
HPLC - SEC:
HPLC - SEC:
HPLC - HIC:
HPLC - IEX:
HPLC - Reversed Phase:
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